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GreatSQL 死锁案例分析

2024-04-19 10:00 由 GreatSQL 发表于 #数据库

1.背景概述

客户业务发生死锁的报错，根据业务程序日志及业务流程，发现造成死锁的原因是：事务1 delete + insert ，事务2 delete + insert 2个事务交替执行导致的死锁；由于GAP锁阻塞了插入意向锁，并且当delete的数据存在时死锁不会发生，当delete的数据不存在时，会发生死锁。

2.问题复现

本次测试基于 GreatSQL-8.0.32-24，隔离级别为 RR

2.1 创建测试表

greatsql> create database test;

greatsql> create table test(c1 int unique key, c2 int, c3 int, c4 int);

greatsql> insert into test values (1,1,1,1),(3,3,3,3),(5,5,5,5),(9,9,9,9);

greatsql> select * from test;
+------+------+------+------+
| c1  | c2  | c3  | c4  |
+------+------+------+------+
|   1 |   1 |   1 |   1 |
|   3 |   3 |   3 |   3 |
|   5 |   5 |   5 |   5 |
|   9 |   9 |   9 |   9 |
+------+------+------+------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

2.2 事务执行顺序

按以下事务执行顺序，如果要删除的数据存在，则不会发生死锁；如果要删除的数据不存，并且要删除的数据在同一个GAP锁的区间内则会发生死锁；

时间 事务1 事务2
T1 BEGIN; BEGIN;
T2 delete from test where c1=?;
T3 delete from test where c1=?;
T4 insert into test value(?,?,?,?);
T5 insert into test value(?,?,?,?);

2.3 当delete的数据存在时

事务1：delete

greatsql> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

greatsql> delete from test where c1=3;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

查看锁信息：

greatsql> select THREAD_ID,OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME,INDEX_NAME,LOCK_TYPE,LOCK_MODE,LOCK_STATUS,LOCK_DATA from performance_schema.data_locks;

+-----------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+-----------+---------------+-------------+-------------------+
| THREAD_ID | OBJECT_SCHEMA | OBJECT_NAME | INDEX_NAME    | LOCK_TYPE | LOCK_MODE   | LOCK_STATUS | LOCK_DATA     |
+-----------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+-----------+---------------+-------------+-------------------+
|     59 | test      | test     | NULL     | TABLE   | IX       | GRANTED   | NULL        |
|     59 | test      | test     | c1       | RECORD   | X,REC_NOT_GAP | GRANTED   | 3, 0x000000000201 |
|     59 | test      | test     | GEN_CLUST_INDEX | RECORD   | X,REC_NOT_GAP | GRANTED   | 0x000000000201   |
+-----------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+-----------+---------------+-------------+-------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

此时事务1给 3, 0x000000000201 这条数据加了 记录锁 X,REC_NOT_GAP

事务2：delete

greatsql> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

greatsql> delete from test where c1=5;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

查看锁信息：

greatsql> select THREAD_ID,OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME,INDEX_NAME,LOCK_TYPE,LOCK_MODE,LOCK_STATUS,LOCK_DATA from performance_schema.data_locks;

+-----------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+-----------+---------------+-------------+-------------------+
| THREAD_ID | OBJECT_SCHEMA | OBJECT_NAME | INDEX_NAME    | LOCK_TYPE | LOCK_MODE   | LOCK_STATUS | LOCK_DATA     |
+-----------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+-----------+---------------+-------------+-------------------+
|     57 | test      | test     | NULL       | TABLE   | IX       | GRANTED   | NULL        |
|     57 | test      | test     | c1        | RECORD   | X,REC_NOT_GAP | GRANTED   | 5, 0x000000000202 |
|     57 | test      | test     | GEN_CLUST_INDEX | RECORD   | X,REC_NOT_GAP | GRANTED   | 0x000000000202   |
|     59 | test      | test     | NULL       | TABLE   | IX       | GRANTED   | NULL        |
|     59 | test      | test     | c1        | RECORD   | X,REC_NOT_GAP | GRANTED   | 3, 0x000000000201 |
|     59 | test      | test     | GEN_CLUST_INDEX | RECORD   | X,REC_NOT_GAP | GRANTED   | 0x000000000201   |
+-----------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+-----------+---------------+-------------+-------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

此时事务2给 5, 0x000000000202 这条数据加了 记录锁 X,REC_NOT_GAP

事务1：insert

greatsql> insert into test value(3,3,3,3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

查看锁信息：

greatsql> select THREAD_ID,OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME,INDEX_NAME,LOCK_TYPE,LOCK_MODE,LOCK_STATUS,LOCK_DATA from performance_schema.data_locks;

+-----------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+-----------+---------------+-------------+-------------------+

| THREAD_ID | OBJECT_SCHEMA | OBJECT_NAME | INDEX_NAME    | LOCK_TYPE | LOCK_MODE   | LOCK_STATUS | LOCK_DATA     |

+-----------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+-----------+---------------+-------------+-------------------+

|     57 | test      | test     | NULL       | TABLE   | IX       | GRANTED   | NULL        |

|     57 | test      | test     | c1        | RECORD   | X,REC_NOT_GAP | GRANTED   | 5, 0x000000000202 |

|     57 | test      | test     | GEN_CLUST_INDEX | RECORD   | X,REC_NOT_GAP | GRANTED   | 0x000000000202   |

|     59 | test      | test     | NULL       | TABLE   | IX       | GRANTED   | NULL        |

|     59 | test      | test     | c1        | RECORD   | X,REC_NOT_GAP | GRANTED   | 3, 0x000000000201 |

|     59 | test      | test     | GEN_CLUST_INDEX | RECORD   | X,REC_NOT_GAP | GRANTED   | 0x000000000201   |

|     59 | test      | test     | c1        | RECORD   | S,GAP     | GRANTED   | 3, 0x000000000201 |

|     59 | test      | test     | c1        | RECORD   | S,GAP     | GRANTED   | 5, 0x000000000202 |

|     59 | test      | test     | c1        | RECORD   | S,GAP     | GRANTED   | 3, 0x000000000206 |

+-----------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+-----------+---------------+-------------+-------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

此时事务1给 被delete删除的数据 3, 0x000000000201 ，插入的数据 3, 0x000000000202，以及相邻的下一条数据 5, 0x000000000202 加了 间隙锁 S,GAP

事务2：insert

greatsql> insert into test value(5,5,5,5);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

查看锁信息：

greatsql> select THREAD_ID,OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME,INDEX_NAME,LOCK_TYPE,LOCK_MODE,LOCK_STATUS,LOCK_DATA from performance_schema.data_locks;

+-----------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+-----------+---------------+-------------+-------------------+
| THREAD_ID | OBJECT_SCHEMA | OBJECT_NAME | INDEX_NAME    | LOCK_TYPE | LOCK_MODE   | LOCK_STATUS | LOCK_DATA     |
+-----------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+-----------+---------------+-------------+-------------------+
|     57 | test      | test     | NULL       | TABLE   | IX       | GRANTED   | NULL        |
|     57 | test      | test     | c1        | RECORD   | X,REC_NOT_GAP | GRANTED   | 5, 0x000000000202 |
|     57 | test      | test     | GEN_CLUST_INDEX | RECORD   | X,REC_NOT_GAP | GRANTED   | 0x000000000202   |
|     57 | test      | test     | c1        | RECORD   | S,GAP     | GRANTED   | 5, 0x000000000202 |
|     57 | test      | test     | c1        | RECORD   | S,GAP     | GRANTED   | 9, 0x000000000203 |
|     57 | test      | test     | c1        | RECORD   | S,GAP     | GRANTED   | 5, 0x000000000207 |
|     59 | test      | test     | NULL       | TABLE   | IX       | GRANTED   | NULL        |
|     59 | test      | test     | c1        | RECORD   | X,REC_NOT_GAP | GRANTED   | 3, 0x000000000201 |
|     59 | test      | test     | GEN_CLUST_INDEX | RECORD   | X,REC_NOT_GAP | GRANTED   | 0x000000000201   |
|     59 | test      | test     | c1        | RECORD   | S,GAP     | GRANTED   | 3, 0x000000000201 |
|     59 | test      | test     | c1        | RECORD   | S,GAP     | GRANTED   | 5, 0x000000000202 |
|     59 | test      | test     | c1        | RECORD   | S,GAP     | GRANTED   | 3, 0x000000000206 |
+-----------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+-----------+---------------+-------------+-------------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

此时事务2给 被delete删除的数据 5, 0x000000000202 ，插入的数据 5, 0x000000000207，以及相邻的下一条数据 9, 0x000000000203 加了 间隙锁 S,GAP

由于GAP锁之间是相互兼容的，所以没有发生锁等待及死锁，此时事务1，事务2都执行完成，可以正常提交。

2.4 当delete的数据不存在时

事务1：delete

greatsql> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

greatsql> delete from test where c1=6;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

查看锁信息：

greatsql> select THREAD_ID,OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME,INDEX_NAME,LOCK_TYPE,LOCK_MODE,LOCK_STATUS,LOCK_DATA from performance_schema.data_locks;

+-----------+---------------+-------------+------------+-----------+-----------+-------------+-------------------+
| THREAD_ID | OBJECT_SCHEMA | OBJECT_NAME | INDEX_NAME | LOCK_TYPE | LOCK_MODE | LOCK_STATUS | LOCK_DATA     |
+-----------+---------------+-------------+------------+-----------+-----------+-------------+-------------------+
|     61 | test      | test     | NULL    | TABLE   | IX     | GRANTED   | NULL        |
|     61 | test      | test     | c1     | RECORD   | X,GAP   | GRANTED   | 9, 0x000000000203 |
+-----------+---------------+-------------+------------+-----------+-----------+-------------+-------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

此时事务1给 9, 0x000000000203 这条数据加了 间隙锁 X,GAP

事务2：delete

greatsql> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
greatsql> delete from test where c1=7;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

查看锁信息：

greatsql> select THREAD_ID,OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME,INDEX_NAME,LOCK_TYPE,LOCK_MODE,LOCK_STATUS,LOCK_DATA from performance_schema.data_locks;
+-----------+---------------+-------------+------------+-----------+-----------+-------------+-------------------+
| THREAD_ID | OBJECT_SCHEMA | OBJECT_NAME | INDEX_NAME | LOCK_TYPE | LOCK_MODE | LOCK_STATUS | LOCK_DATA     |
+-----------+---------------+-------------+------------+-----------+-----------+-------------+-------------------+
|     62 | test      | test     | NULL    | TABLE   | IX     | GRANTED   | NULL        |
|     62 | test      | test     | c1     | RECORD   | X,GAP   | GRANTED   | 9, 0x000000000203 |
|     61 | test      | test     | NULL    | TABLE   | IX     | GRANTED   | NULL        |
|     61 | test      | test     | c1     | RECORD   | X,GAP   | GRANTED   | 9, 0x000000000203 |
+-----------+---------------+-------------+------------+-----------+-----------+-------------+-------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

此时事务2给 9, 0x000000000203 这条数据加了 间隙锁 X,GAP 间隙锁可以相互兼容，因此没有报错

事务1：insert

greatsql> insert into test value(6,6,6,6);
---hang住，处于锁等待

查看锁信息：

greatsql> select THREAD_ID,OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME,INDEX_NAME,LOCK_TYPE,LOCK_MODE,LOCK_STATUS,LOCK_DATA from performance_schema.data_locks;

+-----------+---------------+-------------+------------+-----------+------------------------+-------------+-------------------+
| THREAD_ID | OBJECT_SCHEMA | OBJECT_NAME | INDEX_NAME | LOCK_TYPE | LOCK_MODE        | LOCK_STATUS | LOCK_DATA     |
+-----------+---------------+-------------+------------+-----------+------------------------+-------------+-------------------+
|     62 | test      | test     | NULL    | TABLE   | IX           | GRANTED   | NULL        |
|     62 | test      | test     | c1     | RECORD   | X,GAP          | GRANTED   | 9, 0x000000000203 |
|     61 | test      | test     | NULL    | TABLE   | IX           | GRANTED   | NULL        |
|     61 | test      | test     | c1     | RECORD   | X,GAP          | GRANTED   | 9, 0x000000000203 |
|     61 | test      | test     | c1     | RECORD   | X,GAP,INSERT_INTENTION | WAITING   | 9, 0x000000000203 |
+-----------+---------------+-------------+------------+-----------+------------------------+-------------+-------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

此时事务1，要申请给 9, 0x000000000203 这条数据加 间隙锁，插入意向锁 X,GAP,INSERT_INTENTION；由于事务2已经加了 间隙锁 X,GAP 间隙锁与插入意向锁并不兼容，因此事务1的insert处于锁等待状态

事务2：insert

greatsql> insert into test value(7,7,7,7);
ERROR 1213 (40001): Deadlock found when trying to get lock; try restarting transaction

查看锁信息：

greatsql> select THREAD_ID,OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME,INDEX_NAME,LOCK_TYPE,LOCK_MODE,LOCK_STATUS,LOCK_DATA from performance_schema.data_locks;

+-----------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+-----------+------------------------+-------------+------------------------+
| THREAD_ID | OBJECT_SCHEMA | OBJECT_NAME | INDEX_NAME    | LOCK_TYPE | LOCK_MODE        | LOCK_STATUS | LOCK_DATA        |
+-----------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+-----------+------------------------+-------------+------------------------+
|     61 | test      | test     | NULL       | TABLE   | IX           | GRANTED   | NULL          |
|     61 | test      | test     | c1        | RECORD   | X,GAP          | GRANTED   | 9, 0x000000000203    |
|     61 | test      | test     | c1        | RECORD   | X,GAP          | GRANTED   | 6, 0x000000000213    |
|     61 | test      | test     | GEN_CLUST_INDEX | RECORD   | X            | GRANTED   | supremum pseudo-record |
|     61 | test      | test     | GEN_CLUST_INDEX | RECORD   | X,GAP          | GRANTED   | 0x000000000213     |
|     61 | test      | test     | c1        | RECORD   | X,GAP,INSERT_INTENTION | GRANTED   | 9, 0x000000000203    |
+-----------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+-----------+------------------------+-------------+------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

事务2回滚，只有事务1的加锁信息。

由于此时事务2，要申请给 9, 0x000000000203 这条数据加 间隙锁，插入意向锁由于事务1已经加了 间隙锁 X,GAP 间隙锁与插入意向锁并不兼容，因此事务2的insert处于锁等待状态，2个事务相互等待锁导致死锁，此时事务2回滚。

3.总结

此次死锁的发生主要是GAP 锁 和 插入意向锁的冲突，建议让业务修改一下逻辑，先判断数据是否存在 select 一下，存在的话 delete 后在 insert ； 不存在的话直接 insert 不用delete了。

Enjoy GreatSQL 😃

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